| DHCP and DNS — DORA process, ip helper-address, DNS record types | chapter-4---ip-services/dhcp-and-dns | | NAT and PAT — address terminology, static/dynamic/overload config | chapter-4---ip-services/nat-and-pat | | NTP, SNMP, and Syslog — stratum levels, Get/Trap/Inform, severity 0-7 | chapter-4---ip-services/ntp-snmp-syslog | | QoS Fundamentals — DSCP/CoS, EF=46, LLQ, policing vs. shaping | chapter-4---ip-services/qos-fundamentals | | TFTP, FTP, and Remote Access — UDP vs. TCP, auth, SCP for encryption | chapter-4---ip-services/tftp-ftp-remote-access | | IP Services Comprehensive Review — all domain topics consolidated | chapter-4---ip-services/ip-services-comprehensive-review |

Priority: NAT terminology (4 address types) and syslog severity levels appear on virtually every exam.

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